Organizing political support for the natural city

Abstract

The author served as a Member of the Canadian Parliament from 1993 to 2001. He founded two political parties - the Reform Party of Canada and the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance. He served as Leader of the Opposition from 1997 to 2000 and was also his party's critic for Science and Technology. Since retirement from Parliament in 2001, Mr Manning has become a Senior Fellow of two major Canadian research bodies, the Fraser Institute and the Canada West Foundation. He is also a Distinguished Visitor and lecturer at the University of Calgary and the University of Toronto. In 2002 he released a book entitled Think Big (published by McClelland &Stewart). He continues to write, speak, and teach on various subjects.The text that follows is an edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division ofthe Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.